IPv4 Address Classes Explained: A, B, C, D, E with Examples
Introduction When the internet was first growing, engineers needed a way to organize IP addresses so networks could communicate smoothly. […]
CCNA
Complete Guide to Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
In today’s networks, maintaining uptime and ensuring continuous access to network resources is critical. One point of failure often overlooked
What is the Application Layer in OSI & TCP/IP Protocols?
🌐 Understanding the Application Layer The Application Layer is the seventh and topmost layer of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)
EtherChannel Explained: LACP, PAgP & Configuration Guide
Introduction As networks grow, so does the need for higher bandwidth and fail-safe redundancy. EtherChannel (also called Link Aggregation) solves
Understanding OSI & TCP/IP Layers with Data Encapsulation
Whether you’re preparing for a networking exam, learning how the internet works, or just curious, understanding how data travels across
Introduction to Computer Networks and Topologies
🔗 What is a Computer Network? A computer network is a collection of devices connected to each other to allow
OSI Model Explained: Understanding the 7 Network Layers
What is OSI Model? The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), is a
SSL/TLS Handshake Explained: How HTTPS Encryption Secures Your Data
In today’s internet world, security is not optional—it’s a necessity. Every time you log in to a website, make a
What Is HTTPS and How Does It Work?
In today’s online world, you’re constantly entering passwords, making payments, and sharing personal information across websites. But have you ever